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Intellectual Women

Anyone who utilizes his or her intellect to work, reflect, cogitate, study or answer question on a broad variety of concepts, is defined as a Public intellect. Though the term is not gender specific, but historically it is male dominated by male. In this process, there is a clear absence of the most important "Female Public Intellectuals" with the public circumstances and thus, the value of women has remained disparaged. There are many reasons why this is actually taking place. Institutionalized discrimination within the academy is one of the cause, female intellectuals who arise problems and give a strong advocate feminist phenomena and theory and the t ramble of the media in the abstraction of a woman for her body.

Approaching their work from a patently feminist vista is one os the phenomena as to why there is clear and notable lack of women empowerment in the public; it is why women get aparted from the public . Discrimination, obligation and stereotyping are such themes which has often narrowed the focus on the deal of feminist theory. In many cases female intellectuals argue with an female ideologist who perspect to fail to embody a characteristic in the public intellectual, integrate unequal areas of knowledge for a wider lay audience. A female intellect can be led to a negligence that engages in debate if arguing from a strict feminist approach.

``Historically, female public intellectuals have appeared not take a deep interest in an array of intellectual pursuits and thus do not argue on matters of a universal interest. This can be seen as contradictory to the work of a public intellectual who should adopt an interpretative approach, creating broader meaning for individuals, as opposed to presenting narrow facts about the world.

Mother and her Role

An acute and poignant subject which can be disccused is a mother. There is one thing common throughout the world, though whatever the different definitions may be. A mother deserves love and respect. At almost every place we can this reiterated. There are almost no society that would just think a mother as a thing and not a human being . The case may be rare. But a mother has a different position of its own in the living society.

Her children are the ones whom a mother is strongly related. A mother does not only give birth to her child but also foster a child and accepts it as her own and gives love, care and affection. There are many reasons as to why a mother does not raise the child she gives birth to:
  • A mother may isolate her child due to social evils. Some societies still follow infanticide, thus a mother can never see her child dying and gives away her child to someone else for its safety.
  • To bring up a child is difficult if a mother is a destitute. Hence, a mother may abdicate a child due to poverty.
  • Many social superstitious beliefs that are still prevalent say that a baby must be killed if it is born with some disease. These beliefs compelles a mother to relinquish her child.
No matter what, a mother always sheds tears for the exodus of her baby

An incarnation of goddess is believed to be a mother in many communities. To celebrate the spirit of motherhood, "mother's day" is held every year. She is raved and worshiped. A mother is considered as an angel who makes a family and takes care of the family.

In a mother-child-father relation, it is found that to every person , the closest parent in his life is his mother. She is the magnet that binds everyone together happily. As the father is the earning line of the family, hence the children are not as much close to the father as they are with their mother. Sometimes mother can also be a communicative line between the father and the children. Thus, the importance of a mother in a family is clearly shown.




women and the rapid change in their lives.

Women were considered an object of dominion by the male group. The connotation of women were less than men. The caliber of women is exposed by a bright change, with different ideas from the 17th century till date. Women were considered weak mentally, physically even when all the men were not intelligent or fit. Women were seen as immature children and would not be involved in essential or serious matters. A man looked at a women as his captive who would amuse him, take care of his children and him and the household. Women then were illiterate and were made to do only household chores and bring up children.

Females always stood below males. They were considered inferior to men. Even if the women was a graduate there were no suitable jobs. Then jobs like army were always dominated by men. Women were only an object of beauty and this was the factor that kept the males attracted to them.

An article on women would surely awaken these lousy dirty minds, who think women are just things, and not a human beings.

The changing time has also changed the views of men, and one of these changes has been the caliber of women. In different communities women are honored and respected. Women have gained their own position in the society and men and women enjoy the same freedom. Women have fought for a long time and now are finally over the dominance and the times of suppression which hid their talents thoughts. Finally they have achieved the same work as men, vote with men and are called rightfully equal to men.



Gender Roles

One of the analytic construct in humanities and social sciences which refers to a group of traditional behavioral gauge is a "gender role". For an explicit gender those gauge are within a specific culture. The observed gender differences in behavior and charisma characteristics are in part; is affirmed by the defender of gender role theory. It is socially constructed by hence, the result of socialization experiences, this is the variance that gives out the importance pf biological sex to gender differences that are assured of other models. Gender differences are influenced by culture in almost all the societies, but there are different norms adopted. This theory is also supported by many researchers.

Gender coherence to the options available to members of a society to choose from a set of social identities, based on the combination of one's sex integrity the one hand, and one's own gender, social experiences and interests the other. There are two main genders: male and female. Gender identity helps people to choose from a set of social identity options, from natural own gender and interest in one hand and the mixture of natural sexes together on the other. There were more than 5 genders in the ancient times. Some east-western societies include three genders one male, female and a third gender. Gender role refers to a set of behavior, habits or actions from one that is naturally accepted by the society. Genders that are not natural human genders are also naturally constructed. They reflect natural gender inclinations the members of that gender identity, or they are manipulated and politicized, which then result in the torment of people.

In the modern West, this essential requirement has been changed to a heterosexual desire, resulting in the Western concepts of 'homosexual' and 'heterosexual,' instead of the usual gender identities for males. Researchers descry that the corporeal of individuals is a consequence of both socially enforced rules and values, and individual disposition, whether genetic, unconscious, or conscious. Some researchers accentuate objective social system and others emphasize subjective orientations and dispositions. Many may cause the norms and values to change over time. Societies and culture are dynamic and ever-changing, but there has been extensive debate as to how, and how rapidly, they may change. Such debates are especially antaqonistic they involve the gender/sex system, as people have their own personal views about how much biological sex helps gender dependence.


Women, Science and the World

One of my extreme interest in in the field of developing the world is the hidden respect for women; the equality of women in all the societies. Gender bias can be as devastating and hurtful as any other bias. Men are women have their own ability and given gifts, they are not created equal, they have different ways to focus on family responsibilities and procreation. These differences are not easily disregarded for gender discrimination and neither does it for any workplace. Hence, the differences are not easily dismissed.for professional women the fact that they need to be better than their male counterparts, is how they gain success, giving them better choices. This happenes because of the glass ceiling, and gender discrimination.

A common question asked by researchers and feminists today is where are all the women? Only 10% of tenured women faculty showed up for university science programes while the fact is women make up more than half of all graduate students. And some researchers declared that gender discrimination is the superior cause for this discrepency unsubstantiated views, thus leaving women naturally unsuited for scientific scrutiny. Emotion is linked with and rationality with men according to centuries old views. Traditional views are articulated on structural inequalities that women are less calculative than men and therefore has less capability.

Being a feminist seemed straight-forward, when political discussions of sameness and difference were shaped around gender, and when radical action meant asking for, and getting, what the boys had? on the multiple, intersecting 'isms' of race, class, ethnicity, ability, look, age, language, culture, sexuality, and so forth, might make it seem so. How do we politicize difference with activism goals to understand social inequality.

Violence-how to stop it?

A decade of assorted fortunes is the one that has just passed by.There has been many new enhancement with good and bad news together that has been harbingered as the things for the future. The world is looking forward to take a major step into improving it to a better place to live where there has been rapid industrial development.

Increase in the violence against women is the most unnoticed issue. The number of abusive cases being registered in the court of laws are increasing briskly. The government and many other organizations are taking vast steps to abolish the cruel crime, but yet we can see the crime increasing day by day; the steps are not strong enough to restrict the crime into specified areas. Ego problem between the opposite sexes result to violence and is a part of gender segregation. One of the worse behavior of a man is that he hates it when he is dictated by his woman when the women is just trying to help. Any misunderstanding between the husband and wife
leads to the violent respond of the man and the bad suffering of the woman.

The consequences of poverty is violence against women. A small study has proved that destitute s are the ones who are mostly affected by this corrupt. The families that remain below the poverty line, suffer from bringing up a healthy family. Then, a man gets frustrated because is unemployed and his failure to provide a nutritious life to his family adds even more to the frustration. And whenever the family conducts a small banter o9n family issues, the anger gets thrown up to his wife and children in the form of violence.

There is no one to help her and she has to resist and stay quite. There are only few lucky women who are helped by NGOs and her relatives who work to prevent violence against women. A great deal of cooperation id required between the common man and the governmental and non-governmental organizatio0ns to stop violence against women. One must however try to inform the police in some way or the other if he fears some consequence of his intervention. Violence against woman rarely occurs in the urban areas. It means that the occurrences are rare but not absent. Standing up for their rights must be known by the women and they should also start building up a courage to report violence against themselves. All the members of the family should cooperate and build an understanding to live happily preventing violence.

Domestic Violence-The cause for Tobacco and Smoking

Harvard school of public health(HSPH) investigators has obtained an affiliation using a huge population inspection in India between adult smoking and domestic violence. The research was published in the December 11 '07 issue of the journal Tobacco Control.

Some 800,000 deaths in India are occurred due to smoking and chewing tobacco. The rate of tobacco chewing is around 29% for men and 12% for women whereas, smoking for women is around 3% and in men it is 29%. Now that we can see the percent among the women is very low, but yet an early research shows that this issue is on the ultimate rise. There has not been much research beholding the stressors with the usage of tobacco amongst the Indians, while the vicious effects of tobacco usage are well-mentioned.

A major problem in India, one that is adversely affecting the whole population, and one of the major peril for the stressor is "Domestic Violence". Some 40% Indian women during their marriages report of getting slapped, kicked or beaten by their husbands. Some secret associations have also been located by a small study in US. Researchers speculate that smoking may act as a synonym for "stress remover" in houses that suffer from domestic violence. One of the reason Indians start smoking and continuing on tobacco because they cite stressful moments.

To check whether there is a link between tobacco use and violence in India, many researchers who were led by senior author S.V Subramanian, lead author Leland Ackerson, a research fellow, associate professor in the field of Human Development and Health. 89,092 women and 278,977 family members aged 15 and older were involved in the samples. The investigators discovered that, for married women 85% reported being abused by their husbands, 19% reported incidents of abuse. The study found that women who reported past and current abuse had 20%-40% increased odds of tobacco use compared with women reporting to abuse even after controlling for various factors.

Yet another social problem of domestic violence is highlighted by the study. "This research is important i terms of both tobacco control and campaign against domestic violence" added Subramanian. "It reinforces the notion that addressing t he psychological and social context is key in fight against tobacco. Additionally, our findings provide further proof of the negative effects of domestic violence, evidence which will hopefully and aid those working to address this problem."

women rights.

The freedom and in in-dependency enjoyed by the women is known as women rights or suffrage. These rights may not be suppressed or ignored by law and may or may not be institutionalized by behavior in a particular society. From the broader notions of human rights, these liberties are grouped together and differentiated too. This is done because the freedom inherently possessed by men or boys are prevalent in the society. Activities for this matter claims an inherent historical and traditional segregation against the exercise of the rights by women and girls. For understanding global well-being w omen's rights around the world is an essential indicator. The majority of the world's nations ratified a major global w omen's rights treaty. But, although many success in allowing women, numerous matters still exist in many fields of life, that ranges from political, cultural to the economic. Viz; women are working more than men, yet they get less-paid. Girls and women are directly affected throughout their lifetime due to gender-segregation. Poverty is suffered most by the women more than men. Many may think that religion as a law only causes women rights issues. But some may also think that not as an issue of concern. Many see women as a synonym of property. In any civilization, women were never treated as self-individual citizen. Their determination and independence discouraged in almost all the religion. If there were no women there would be no men, no civilization, no religion and no societies. women gives birth and nourish till the boy is a man. Women is earth .

Teen-Dating Violence

Teen-Dating Violence

The United States Department of Justice defines dating violence as the perpetration or threat of an act of violence by at least one member of an unmarried couple on the other member within the context of dating or courtship. Although most demography have been collected from heterosexual couples, this also includes same sex-couples courting. Many research show that every three in five teenagers have evidenced violence while dating. It is via some kind of abuse that one partner of the relationship tries to perpetuate power and control over the other in dating violence. Economic, social and racial lines are intertwined by dating violence. Young women are the most frequent victims which sometimes causTeen-Dating Violencees serious injuries.

Dating violence comprises of much wide variety of styles such as sexual abuse, psychological and physical. Avaricious dating habits, extending into young age, has help crop-up many new worrisome trends and some teens have even started believing that violence is now acceptable. Violence are prevalent to both males and females. However females are more prone to be victimized. Consequences such as substance abuse, increased level of depressed mood, and suicidal actions have been reported by the adolescents who get involved with scurrilous partners. Girls are often suffering from anxiety, low self-esteem, depression whereas negative health problem such as cancer, chronic-pain, gastrointestinal disorders may result in a fatal state and interfere limit daily functioning.

Behaviors that arouse fears, an important component in control and the factor that forms abuser ascendancy in the relation are included under the act of violent actions that encompasses more than physical harm. Abusers may isolate their victims from family and friends and decrease the chance for intervention; increasing the dependency on the abuser. They may also spy on the victim and continuously break promises or threaten suicide.
Teen-dating is influenced by how teenagers look at themselves and others. Young men may believe:
  • They "possess" their partners.
  • They have the right to "control" their female partners in any way necessary.
  • They should and can demand intimacy
  • They may loose respect in their male peer groups if they are attentive and supportive towards their girlfriends.
  • "Masculinity" is physical aggressiveness.
Young women may believe:
  • Their boyfriend's jealousy, possessiveness and even physical abuse, is "Romantic".
  • Abuse is "normal" because even their friends are being abused.
  • They are responsible for solving problems in the relationship.Teen-Dating Violence
  • There is no one to ask for help.
  • They think they can"cure" the abusive boyfriend.
Better relationships can be chosen by teenagers when they learn to recognize the prompt warning symbols of an abusive relationship and they h ave a lot of choices in their life, and believe that they are unique and precious creatures who deserves respect and the best.

Women Empowerment

Women's advancement involves the process of empowerment.The profession gender issue hold and defines its as a method by which increased control can be achieved by a women over public decision making. Society and government which are male dominant are usually seen for the ambition of delivery male interest and in the loitered servitude of women.The idea of the fine level of the women's empowerment framework was informed by the expert namely access control, welfare ,conscientisation and mobilization.

Improvement in socio-economic status is known as welfare ,such as shelter and income ,nutritional status, which camps at the zero level.Here women are passive recipients of benefits given an from highest.

The first level of empowerment stands as the access to services and resources,since women started to ameliorate their own caliber.

This process by which women collectively impel to act to expunge one or more of the discriminatory practice that block their access to resources.Here, group are formed by women just to understand the primitive causes of their trouble and to identify the action for gender integrity.

The action level of empowerment is mobilization which by fabricating links with the larger movements learns the successes of women's strategy to connect with the broader battles elsewhere.

Another level of empowerment is control, this happens when women start taking actions for gender equality in decision making over access to sources, hence, women can aquire direct control over their resources.

These five levels of empowerment are not exactly a horizontal advancement, but circular and radical with being interconnected. This needs to be understood by one for a better result. When a women accomplish increased control and participation in decision making, empowerment finally occurs which leads to their better access to sources, hence the socio-economic caliber improves.
"The goal of empowering women is to influence women with the courage to break free from the forged chains of traditional beliefs, dominant societies, limits which has suppressed them and are not able to see their own true power and beauty."

WOMEN EDUCATION

WOMEN EDUCATION

The education to women is known as women education. Women education is very essential in this world. More steps should be taken to improvise the state of literacy within women. nearly 50% of total population of the country consists of women. A nation can prosper only with the united efforts of men and women. If both of them are educated, they can work hand in hand for the progress of the nation. If women are not educated half of the nation's population is uneducated. To advance the conditions of girls and women world, education has a long history of successfully working with local partners to design, execute, manage and evaluate participatory, community-based initiatives. World education's programmes helps girls enroll and stay in school and help women gain access to or create new educational or financial and social resources in their communities. World education programes help girls and women improve their own lives, the lives of their families and the conditions in their communities. In ancient time female education was neglected . People thought that educating girls is useless. They thought that women are just to give birth to babies, look after them and their homes. Only the girls from the educated family could get an opportunity for education. This idea has slowly been changed today. Many people have realized the importance of educating girls. The number of girls is increasing day by day in schools and campuses. However the village women are still getting deprived of the opportunity of getting educated.
For parents-and especially mothers-this means creating condition that ensure their daughters have equal access to basic education, are able to make informed decision about their future, and are able to protect themselves from trafficking, sexual exploitation, HIV and AIDS for example. Improving educational facilities for women and girls, women can help develop skills that makes them independent to make decision and influence community change in main areas. These programmes have a positive impact in turn related to the most profound issues of our times: population growth, HIV AIDS, peace and security, and the widening space between rich and poor. There are many advantages of female education. Men and women are like the two wheels of the same cart. A cart cannot move on one wheel. Similarly a nation cannot progress if both men and women are not educated. Women look after their children. The mother is the first teacher. An educated mother can train her children in a better way. An educated woman can support her husband. She can share his work. She can lessen her husband's sorrows. She can support her husband by earning money. An educated women is well-mannered. She is polite and courteous. She keeps her home happy. She is not irritable. She tries to please everybody. She is the life long companion of her husband. Anyway, she is a great help to her husband and family. The group of educated women is a great asset to the nation. The overall progress of the country finally depends upon the joint efforts of both men and women. Hence, educating women has an important role to play for the development of not only the nation but almost everything.
Education in India only one among various other elements that have captured the attention of the world. As the large number of illiterates, various other countries are amazed by the qualities of some of the human resources that the Indian education system has produced. The UN has been worried. Growth of the Indian economy in the recent past and the compulsion to sustain, it is also forcing the Indian government to accelerate the process of developing all the branches of Indian education system. Therefore, it would be very interesting to understand and analyze the various structure of education in India, its present condition and future developments. TWOMEN EDUCATIONhe girls should be given freedom to select the subjects of their own choice. However, there are some preferable subjects for women. Some of them are needle-work, tailoring, home-science, household accounts, first-aid. They can also be trained to work as doctors, teacher, nurse. Nowadays women are found to be active in engineering, police force, government offices. They should'nt be forced to select the subjects. In rural areas many women are still uneducated. Special incentive should be given to encourage the women for education. They should be given scholarships and other facilities of educational materials.

LOST DAUGHTERS OF NEPAL-Marc lerner

LOST DAUGHTERS OF NEPAL-Marc lerner


Enslaved in brothels in India, then abandoned, these girls are being saved by a
remarkable women.

" Tika* has been missing for a week," Pasang Lama* said, showing a photograph of his teenage daughter to a sari-clad women with piercing dark eyes. Anuradha Koirala no
ted the look of grief on the burly labourer's face. She'd seen that look many times before. Koirala ushered the man into an aged brick building along Kathmandu's airport road. The modest structure is headquarters of Maiti Nepal (Mother's Home Of Nepal)." We'll need details," she said. "Date of birth?Suspicious new friends?Anyone offering jobs?" Pasang Lama had heard about Maiti Nepal's work helping girls who had fallen into the hands of sex traffickers.Desperate he went to see Koirala. "Tika is only 14."he said, panic in his voice. "You dont think she's been taken to a brothel?""Hopefully not," Koirala said, trying to reassure him. "We'll keep the picture and see what we can do."
koirala is considered a saviour of the victims of her country's gravest social problem. Every year thousands of Nepalese girls
are sold into sexual slavery in India, in what experts say is one of the world's largest cross-broder sex trades. "Some of these girls were lured," Koirala says. Others were simply naive, believing stories about arranged marriages or jobs. "A few were freed in raids, but the others were released only when they began to show the symptoms of AIDS. By that point, their own families wont accept them, friends turn their backs." Koirala operates one of the few safe havens available to these women.
NOWHERE TO
STAY:
koirala was teaching english and geography in a school in 1992 when she encountered homeless women near kathmandu's Pashupatinath Temple. Some told her their husbands had betrayed them; others were widows or former prostitutes. Few could properly care for their children. Koirala, was separated from her husband, was moved by these women's stories.-and brought several of their youngsters into her small home. For months she operated for a makeshift shelter for street kids. Then, the following summer, friends told her about a frail, sick young woman with nowhere to stay. Shunned by locals in her home village, the young woman was desperate for a home in Kathmandu. Moved by her plight, Koirala decided to take her in.
Her name was Deepa*, and she was a striking 20-year-old with an engaging smile. But her story was terrible.
Deepa grew up in a village in Sindhupalchowk district in north-eastern Nepal. When she was 12, an older cousin took her to Kathmandu, supposedly to visit relatives. But once he got to the city, he sold the child to a brothel owner for 20,000 Nepali reupees(rs 12,600). She was taken to Mumbai, where the fair skin, exotic looks and shy demeanour of Nepalese girls are much in favour among Indian men.
Deepa refused to subm
LOST DAUGHTERS OF NEPAL-Marc lernerit and was kept in a windowless room for days, not given any food, and repeatedly beaten and burnt with cigarettes. She had sex with ten men on the first day she was force to work. It was only the beginning-soon it would be 15 or 20, even 30. Rickshaw drivers, soldiers, any ruffian could buy her body for an hour for as little as Rs.50.
It was like that day after day, year after gruelling year, until she got sick with AIDS. When the signs of her illness repelled the brothel's customers, she was sent packing. Koirala took her into her home, nursing her as best she could. "Deepa told me her brothel was run by Shimla Tamang, a Nepalese women who travelled back to Kathmandu for religious festivals," Koirala says. "The thought of her walking around freely, arranging for even more girls, made my blood boil. I promised to put a stop to her crimes."
With the help of a police inspector, Tamang was picked up for questioning the next time she came to Kathmandu. A hardened woman dripping with gold jewellery, Tamag denied any wrongdoing. But Deepa came forward to testify and Shimla Tamang was convicted of violating Nepal's anti-trafficking laws. As word of koirala's work spread, more girls returning from India's brothels found their way to her door.

UNIFEM-[says NO to violence against women]

UNIFEM-[says NO to violence against women]

UNIFEM-[says NO to violence against women]


UNIFEM is working on various fronts towards eliminating violence against women and girls. Tackling or fighting its main root is included in the strategy: gender inequality. Partnerships and propagation campaigns with governments, civil societies and the UN system helps tUNIFEM-[says NO to violence against women]o multiply the effort. Working to establish legal frameworks and particular national actions are the initiative range to support prevention at the grassroot level, which includes post-conflict conditions. Many other organizations like UNIFEM has also supported collection of data on violence against women, facilitating new study on the current issue.The UN-Secretary General's multi-year "UNITE to End Violence Against women" campaign is actively helped or backed-up by UNIFEM and plays a very vital role which was launched in 2008. UNIFEM works together with the UN system as a designated coordinator and any regional components of other partners on the campaigns in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean.
The UNITE campaign is advanced by the objective of UNIFEM's Say no To Violence Against women via social mobilization. The UN Secretary -General was presented with more than 5UNIFEM-[says NO to violence against women] million signatures to say NO which shows the immense public support to make ending violence against women the first priority for government everywhere. The second phase of say NO, is expected to be launched in spring 2011 with a view to collect and demonstrate vivacities from decision makers and individuals, and get the communities engaged towards faith and hope and also the youth in raising awareness to prevent violence against women and girls.
UNIFEM has started taking vigorous actions worldwide by launching Global programmes on Safe Cities Free of Violence Against women which is an exclusively solitary initiative which has focused on reducing sexual abuse and violence in urban places, empowerment via community and partnerships with local authorities. Many women and girls from different corners of the wolrd are raped or harrased while using public transport. These forms of violence are often neglected by policies, laws and societies at large despite the widespread theory. The initiative originated in Argentina and Peru, where a UN trust fund was used by two women's organizations which was a grant to pilot ways of making cities safer for women.

violence and the people of today



violence and the people of today
It was declared that the Elimination of violence against women is the first International Human Rights instrument which indubitably and exclusively addresses the issue of violence against women. It asserts that the prodigy violates, impairs or abrogates womens human rights and their exercise of fundamental freedom. The announcement defined the meaning of gender-based abuse, calling it
" any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, pervasions, arbitary deprivation of freedom, liberty whether occuring in private or public life."

The definition is auqmented in article 2 of the declaration, which identifies through areas in which violence commonly takes place:
  • Physical, sexual and psychological violence that occur in family, including battering, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non-spousal violence; and violation related to exploitation.
  • Physical, sexual and psychological violence thatviolence and the people of today occurs within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassement and intimidation at work, trafficking in women and forced prostitution.
  • Physical, sexual and psychological violence executed or condoned by the state, whereas it occurs.violence and the people of today
Governments agree to implement or force laws on national legislation to bring violence against women to an end and also to work actively to endorse all international agreement which relates to violence against women. They permitted that there should be legal aid, shelters and other services for girls and women at risk, and rehabilitation and admonish for perpetrators. The government also guaranteed to adopt appropriate measures in the field of education to transform the social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and women.

rape, incest, domestic violence.

rape, incest, domestic violence.
some expectant parents abort their unborn daughter hoping for sons instead, this shows that some females fall prey of violence before they are actually born. We can see in many societies, girls are subjected to practices circumcision which leave them traumatized. And in others, before they are physically, mentally or emotionally mature they are compelled to marry at an early age. Women are victims of rape, incest, domestic violence which often led to physical handicap or death or trauma. And rape is still being used as a strategy to subjugate, terrify or frighten women in communities and also as the leading weapon of war. In lots of cases many women of different groups are inpregnant deliberately by soldiers and leave them alone when it is too late for abortion.
This shows the unscrupulous behavior of humans. The platform of the fourth world confrape, incest, domestic violence.erence on women for action announced that Rape in armed conflict is a war crime and could under certain circumstances, be called genocide. The secretary-general GHALI said"we will press for international legal action against those who perpetrate organized violence against women in time of conflict." he added"there is a deplorable trend towards the organized humiliation of women, including the crime of mass rape ". Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy, the special rapporteur, delivered a preliminary report in 1994 where she focused her concerns on three factors where women seem to be vulnerable; in the family(including traditional practices, domestic violence) in the community(including sexual assault, rape, commercialized violence such as trafficking in women, labour exploitation female migrant workers etc.) and also by the state.

violence-why does it take place??

violence-why does it take place??
The alarming global dimensions related to female-targeted violence did not acknowledge explicitly or in a lucid way by the international community till December 1993. Finally, the united nations General Assembly declared an adoption on the Elimination of violence against women. Most government authorities administered to finally regard violence against women as a big private matter among individuals at that point which was considered like an inescapable human rights problem which requires state intervention. The growth in number of cases on violence against women being enrolled is quite shocking in this so called"developed world". Noticing this growing menace the commission on Human Rights adopted resolution 1994/95 of March, 1994 they appointed the special scriber on violence against women including its direct causes and consequences. As these steps took forward it slowly drew the issue towards politics. A special mandate has been submitted by the rappoteur analyzing and gathering comprehensive data which recommends the measures goaled at abolishing the violence against women at international and regional levels. The mandate is threefolded.:

  1. At the national and international level it recommends measures, means and ways to eradicate violence against women.
  2. Collecting informations related to violence against women; its consequences and causes via sources like government, specialized agencies, treaty bodies and non-violence-why does it take place??governmental organanizations, which are to respond informations effectively.
  3. To work closely with special representatives, working groups, other special rapporteurs, and independent experts of the commission on Human Rights.
many lives are adversely affected by violence worldwide in every educational and socio-economic classes. It impeding the right of women to participate fully in society it cuts across cultural and religious barriers. Violence against women has taken a dismaying variety of forms in our society. Rape to child marriages, female circumcision, domestic abuse are one of a kind. Most of it are violations of the fundamental rights. The united nations secretary general Boutrous boutrous-Ghali, said that violence against women is a universal problem that must be universally condemend, but he says that the problems seems to be growing rapidly. This statement was said at the Fourth World Conference on women in Beijing at September in 1995. The secretary geneviolence-why does it take place??ral also noted that between 17 percent and 32 percent women have suffered physical assaults by their current partner.

VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN CONSTITUTES A VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND IS AN OBSTACLE TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES OF EQUALITY, DEVELOPMENT OF PEACE.

what do you interpret by violence??

lence against women
All human are born free with equal dignity and rights. People should have a spirit of humanity who are endowed with reason and conscience. The united nations defines violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results ion physical,mental or sexual harm. Violation of human rights which is a major public health problem is violence against women. Violence can result in wide range of physical,mental,sexual problems. Women are viewed as inferior or second class citizen in many cultures. Prejudices against them are deep-rooted. There are many forms of violence against women including sexual abuse or harassment by family members or official authorities trafficking for forced labour or sex and also women are murdered in family honor. Another form of the ongoing problem can be the systematic sexual abuse in the conflict situation.S violence is still mis-interpreted by some people. Part of the focus of my article is to raise awareness and educate to counter some legend or myths that are so prevalent with sexual assault. If a particular women is focused on specific circumstances the it might as well help other women to believe the illusion that they are in the safer side.

violence against women

violence against women


despite the lofty ideal, prejudice and discrimination continue to plague mankind. This sad fact reflects not only our times but also the imperfections of humans. Nevertheless the situation is far from hopeless. Granted we may be unable to eliminate the discrimination we see around us, but we can work to root out prejudices that may lodge within ourselves. Nov 25th is the International day for the elimination of violence against women. This day was recognized by the general assembly of UNITED NATIONS in 1999 with a veiw to raising public awareness of violations of rights of women. Gender based violence in all its form is an ongoing problem which is invisible in society and a shameful fact of life. According to the ex-UN secretary general Kofi Annan," violence against women is global in reach and takes place in all societies and culture. It affects women no matter what their race, ethnicity, social origin, birth or other status may be." The council of Europe estimates that 1 in 4, suffer some form of domestic violence during her lifetime. According to the British home office, in England and Wales in one recent year, an average of two women each week were killed by current or former partners. The magazine INDIA TODAY INTERNATIONAL reported that"for women across India fear is constant companion and rape is the stranger they may have to confront at every corner, on any road, in any public place, at any hour." Amnesty international describes violence against women and girls as today's 'MOST PERVASIVE HUMAN RIGHTS CHALLENGE."

violence and its different forms//

The book The nature of prejudices says:" Abomination inevitably result when men use their religion to justify[selfish pursuits] and ethnic self-interest. It is then that religion and prejudice merge."

Violence is any sort of physical aggression which is also known as abuse or misbehave. A violence is a domestic violence when it is committed at home and involves family members such as spouse, servant, children, parents. Hitting, kicking, shouting, throwing objects can be taken part during domestic violence. In much broader terms it includes sexual abuse, controlling or domineering, emotional abuse, stalking, intimidation. Instead of globalisation and education and the prosperity, we have failed to eliminate the violence against women. We regard women as a mother, worship as a goddess, love her as a wife and she is most affectionate to us as a daughter, but still violence is one of her biggest threat. As per statistic available Every day 5o cases of dowry related violence are reported and every 3rd minute a case of violence against women is registered in India. These statistics arise a question, are there not sufficient laws to prevent such mis happenings, that one has to keep arguing that why is this happening, or is the society immature to deal with such things? There is no need to be startled. Everything is there. There are laws to prevent violence, there is police to keep check on these events
and there are seminars to analyze the matter and make recommendation . However, on our level nothing seems to be working.

womens' voice-how can it be heard

violence against women


Do the statistics mentioned above reflect your attitude toward women? if so, then how do we learn to eliminate the bad happenings? A good start would be to acknowledge that none of us are above developing prejudices. The book Understanding prejudice and discrimination says: "perhaps the most important conclusions to emerge from prejudice research are these: (1) no one capable of human thought and speech is immune from harboring prejudice. (2) it often takes slow and deliberate efforts with awareness to reduce prejudice. (3) with enough motivation, it can be done."


Education has been described as the most powerful tool in the fight against prejudice. The right education can, explode away the root causes of prejudice, examinig our own attitudes more objectively can be enabled and help us deal wisely with prejudice when we are victims. Prejudice causes people to distort, misinterpret, ore even ignore facts that lead to conflict with womens' voice-how can it be heardtheir predetermind opinions. Prejudice may be sown by those who deliberately promote warped veiws of other cultures or races, or it might as well have its beginnings in seemingly innocent but misguided, family values, prejudice can also be fostered by false religious teachings and nationalism. And it can be a product of inordinate pride.

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